BMP2/7 heterodimer enhances osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs via ERK signaling compared with respective homodimers

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/7 heterodimer shows greater efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. However, the precise mechanism and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling network in BMP2/7-driven osteogenesis remain ambiguous. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP2/7 heterodimers on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with the aim to elaborate how MAPKs might be involved in this cellular process by treatment of rat BMSCs with BMP2/-7 with a special signal-pathway inhibitor. We found that BMP2/7 heterodimer induced a much stronger osteogenic response in rat BMSCs compared with either homodimer. Most interestingly, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) demonstrated a highly sustained phosphorylation and activation in the BMP2/7 heterodimer treatment groups, and inhibition of ERK cascades using U0126 special inhibitor that significantly reduced the activity of ALP and calcium mineralization to a substantial degree in rat BMSCs treated with BMP2/7 heterodimers. Collectively, we demonstrate that BMP2/7 heterodimer shows a potent ability to stimulate osteogenesis in rat BMSCs. The activated ERK signaling pathway involved in this process may contribute partially to an increased osteogenic potency of heterodimeric BMP2/7 growth factors.     

MicroRNA 32 promotes cell proliferation,migration, and suppresses apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting OTU domain containing 3

Colorectal cancer is considered as the fourth leading reason of cancer-linked deaths worldwide. However, our knowledge about its pathogenic mechanism remains inadequate. MicroRNA 32 (miR-32), a member of small noncoding RNAs, has been found vital roles in tumorigenesis. This study studied its functions and underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer. The experiment revealed the obvious upregulation of miR-32 in colorectal cancer tissues and six cancer cell lines, compared with normal tissues and cells. Moreover, miR-32 upregulation reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation and migration, while its downregulation displayed opposite effects. Dual luciferase reporter assays proved that miR-32 bound to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of OTU domain containing 3 (OTUD3), suggesting that miR-32 directly targeted OTUD3. Further experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-32 could reduce the expression level of OTUD3. Furthermore, OTUD3 silence promoted proliferation and motility and decreased apoptosis for HCT116 cells and restored partly miR-32-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and antiapoptosis for colon cancer. Therefore, our study indicated that miR-32 enhanced cell proliferation and motility abilities, and inhibited apoptosis by directly targeting OTUD3 in colon cancer cells, which implied that miR-32 was hopeful to be a biomarker or target used for diagnosis and therapy of colon cancer.     

High air humidity is sufficient for successful egg incubation and early post‐embryonic development in the marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis)

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